Challenges Associated With Health Care Regulations And The...

Emerging Trends With increasing health care regulations and the need for greater value in health care, we are starting to see several new trends in the industry. These trends will require health care organizations to become highly adaptable to the changing environment. Leaders in these organizations will also need to set the example of ethical behavior and also provide motivation so that their staff can be more supportive and better equipped to embrace change. Due to longer life expectancy in today’s society, we have been making the shift from an acute care model to treating an aging population with chronic conditions (Burns, Bradley, Weiner, 2012, p. 401). Now, more than ever, there is a greater focus on preventative wellness initiatives within organizations. Many employers are implementing wellness tools within their health care plans which may include incentives for the employees to participate. Some wellness programs include having employees obtain biometric screenings or completing health risk assessments. If the employees meet the requirements of the wellness programs, they are usually provided with incentives such as a smaller deductible or a lower cost share for their monthly premiums. With all of the new benefits and provisions under health care reform, consumers are becoming increasingly knowledgeable about their health benefits. In addition, there have been many technological advances in health care through the years, creating a wealth of informationShow MoreRelatedConservatism And Liberalism914 Words   |  4 Pages Conservation support to a greater dependence on the free market, this market allows fewer government regulations, people with unfavorable circumstance and minorities can be benefit from lower taxes, less government regulation. 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In order to reach the goal retirement age and income, the future retiree needs to recognize how much is required to save each year. The funding goals are measured to determine if the individual needs to change course or pick up the pace. Monitori ng and management occur throughout the process. Third, connecting the dots attempts to overcome the challenges associated with account balances and future income. For a secure retirement, understanding options promotes theRead MoreChallenges Faced By Starbucks : Swot Analysis1547 Words   |  7 Pages COURSE ID: NAME: SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: DATE: TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1.1 Introduction of the report Overview of the company Products adapting strategy Problems associated with clients Challenges faced by Starbucks Part 1.2 Situational analysis SWOT analysis PESTEL analysis Mc Kinsey 7s ASSESSMENT 5 PART 1.1: INTRODUCTION OF THE REPORT: In this section we have to discuss the company brief introduction such as how the company is facing client’s problems and howRead MoreNursing Professional Identity Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesThe essay also looks into the professional regulations and the role of the nurse’s and midwifery Council (NMC) in the protection of the public. 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Linking the plethora of systems togetherRead MoreThe U.S. Supreme Court Is The Ultimate Authority In The1634 Words   |  7 PagesProtection, and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law, in which the act was to provide universal coverage of health insurance for every individual so that they can have access to health care. Two milestone decisions were handed down by the Supreme Court, Florida v Health Human Services (HHS) (2012) and National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v Sebelius (2012), with a focus on the policy and political implications of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). This paperRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Init iatives of Healthcare Reform3066 Words   |  13 Pagescost reduction, increasing continuum of care, and increases in information technology (IT). There are many influences that are creating this need for change including laws, regulations, and the consumers of the healthcare system. The consumer is beginning to take charge of their health and become an advocate of their healthcare needs and plans of action. This transformation has created a greater need for the healthcare system to increase the use of health management information system (HMIS). HMISRead MoreCurrent Trends in Nursing Research2280 Words   |  10 Pagesuncovering new knowledge to help understand phenomena, answer questions, or address problems, Goal directed, A systematic process of inquiry. Research means â€Å"to search again or carefully examine† (Langford 2001). â€Å"A systematic study of problems in patient care.†Ã‚   Abdellah: â€Å"A systematic detailed attempt to discover or confirm facts that relate to a specific problem to improve the practice and profession of nursing.† Polit and Hungler: â€Å"A systematic search for knowledge about issues of importance to nursingRead MoreNursing Professional Identity Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesprofession and further discusses the value of modern nursing, social, cultural and political factors that influence the professional identity of the nurse. I will also discuss the professional regulation and the role of the nurse’s midwifery Council (NMC) in the protection of the public. Finally, this essay will discuss nursing education, the media, stereotype, and their impacts on nurses as well as demonstrate my understanding as a student nurse to challenge the professional identity of nurses.

The Picture Of Dorian Gray - 1416 Words

Oscar Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, chronicles the transformation of Dorian Gray from an naive youth to a corrupted monster. The simplicity of the storyline contrasts the complexity of Dorian Gray; specifically, the cause of his corruption. The cursed portrait, and characters such as Lord Henry and Basil, play a significant role in the Dorian’s journey to pernicity, but neither of three can be held entirely responsible. Dorian Gray’s initial innocence conceals an inner evil within him; the amalgamation of the three outside influences in Dorian’s life reveals his inner monstrosity. Wilde structures the story to symbolize Dorian’s transformation into a duplicate of Lord Henry Wotton-- a selfish, manipulative and inquisitive character. The story stays third person throughout, yet centers around Lord Henry for the first few chapters as he attends various events. After a brief interruption for the depiction of Sibyl Vane and her family, while Dorian spends more time with Lord Henry, the transition in structure occurs when Dorian fights with Sibyl after her terrible performance. After Dorian’s first true act of cruelty, evident by the newfound smirk upon the portrait, the novel solely revolves around Dorian’s life. The transition in narration reflects Dorian’s newfound egocentrism as outer influences bring forth his true self. The narration never fixates on Basil’s life which mirrors both Henry’s and shortly Dorian’s ignorance and indifference towards him. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1482 Words   |   6 Pagesreturn give to the same story† (Foster 185-186). One book that is a part of Foster’s story is Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray. In this essay, Thomas Foster’s methods regarding both symbolism and  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬heart disease from his book, How to Read Literature Like a Professor will be discussed and applied to one of Oscar Wilde’s novels. Throughout his novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde uses the portrait of the young protagonist as a symbol of many things, one of them being a mirror. WildeRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAs seems to be the theme of Oscar Wilde’s book, The picture of Dorian Gray, art an beauty are both the same, yet they are different. But how can this be? Well, beauty and art are intertwined the moment art is used to capture a sliver of pure beauty, in order to make that moment last forever. According to Lord Henry, â€Å" Yes, Mr. Gray, the gods have been good to you. But what the goods give can easily be taken away. You only have a few years in which to live really, perfectly, and fully† (Wilde Pg.Read MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1432 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde, we see how the different characters show their love of beauty and pleasure and the affects they have on the main character: Dorian Gray. Each of the three main characters, Basil Hallward, Lord Henry Wotton, and Dorian Gray portray a part of how the author felt about himself and the world around him. â€Å"Basil Hallward is what I think I am: Lord Henry what the world thinks of me: Dorian what I would like to be- in other ages, perhaps† (qtd. in Bloom pg. 117)Read MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1576 Words   |  7 PagesTransformation in Literature Greek Philosopher Heraclitus once said â€Å"There is nothing permanent except change†. In Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, the theme of transformation is constant throughout the novel; however it is not portrayed as something that is permanent. Through the protagonist’s transformation, Oscar Wilde s novel is suggesting that the hedonistic lifestyle, a lifestyle where gaining pleasure is the main goal of a person’s life, may seem like it is an exciting and wonderfulRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray965 Words   |  4 Pages When looking at Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Gray, it is clear that Frankenstein is a novel that can be placed into both the gothic and horror genre, although it is a gothic novel secondary to it being a horror novel; The picture of Dorian Gray isn’t so clear in this regard. On a first reading, one may assume the story to be gothic literature and only gothic literature because of the sheer amount of gothic characteristics and elements that the text presents that include, but are not limitedRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray957 Words   |  4 PagesWilde explores the theme of outsiders in his 1890 novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray. He infuses what it means to be an outsider in almost every character in the story. The most important of these characters are Dorian Gray, Henry, and Basil. Each show what it means to be an outsider in his own individual way; whether it is an outsider among society, among a group of friends, or from a person’s own self. The main character, Dorian Gray, possesses most attributes of being an outsider. The most obviousRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray971 Words   |  4 PagesIn Oscar Wilde’s Popular nineteenth century novel, the Picture of Dorian Gray demonstrates the importance of the aesthetic movement in Victorian England. This suggests youth and physical attractiveness is emphasized and are valuable additions to society. Therefore, what matters to Dorian, is not the internal goodness an individual possesses but the appearance they present. Consequently, Dorian is able to forget the violent acts he commits as long as he appears beautiful on the outside. Since externalRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde warns against immorality, vanity and selfishness using his protagonist’s downfall to show the dangers of overindulgence and depravity. The preface is contradictory and reveals that Wilde’s beliefs on art and its ties to morality were inconsistent. He appears to be trying to show that we shouldn’t subscribe to just one clear ideal without questioning it or considering other opinions. However, it’s clear throughout the book that there is a strong moral ideologyRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1680 Words   |  7 PagesAt the height of his success, Oscar Wilde wrote his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, which follows the life of a young man living in late nineteenth-century London. The novel shares a similar storyline with that of Wilde’s life, as Wilde wrote it in attempt to justify his homosexuality. The protagonist of the novel, Dorian Gray, enters the story an innocent man, but eventually becomes corrupt due to his need for instant pleasure. Wilde recognizes that the topic of his homosexuality brings up theRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1283 Words   |  6 PagesWhat does the fall of man, Oscar Wilde novel The Picture Of Dorian Gray, and Shakespeare’ s Macbeth all have in common? They all have the same theme of the fall of man and break in the perfect union they once where in. The novels all start with man in perfect union, then sin enters and chaos starts and it eventually leading to their death or downfall. The Fall of man, Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Wilde’s novel The Picture Of Dorian Gray tightly follow the archetype of the fall of man this is all illustrated

NTUC Management Restructuring Free Essays

NTUC Chief Lim Boon Heng has urged the management of companies undergoing restructuring to take union leaders into confidence, so that the legitimate concerns of workers can be addressed in good time. Citing the restructuring of the Public Utilities Board as an example, he said the exercise was carried out smoothly because of the close cooperation between the management and the union. Speaking at the first triennial delegates conference of the Union of Power and Gas Employees (UPAGE), Mr Lim said that companies responded to challenges in various ways – some through restructuring to meet new market demands, and others through mergers. We will write a custom essay sample on NTUC Management Restructuring or any similar topic only for you Order Now For wokers, these changes can be unsettling, and restructuring sometimes leads to retrenchments. But in the case of Singapore Power’s restructuring, the NTUC Chief noted that the PUB management had taken the company’s union leaders into confidence even before the news was made public; it showed that openess between management and union was the better policy. â€Å"When management are open with the union leaders, the legitimate concerns of workers can be addressed, leading to a smooth transition,† Mr Lim said. Unfortunately for us, there are many management that adopt a different approach, informing the union only at the last moment, giving union leaders little time to respond and no time to address workers concerns. † Mr Lim also announced that the union’s present general secretary, Nithinandhan, would now become its executive secretary, so that he could represent workers from all unions formed under Singapore Power or its subsidiary companies. We made some changes to our constitution handing the powers to the executive secretary to deal with all collective agreements, and to negotiate on behalf of major grievances with management and be the main person corresponding with all employers and external agencies and work out policies for all branches on industrial relations,† Mr Nithinandhan said. He said the union’s relations with the management had been excellent and plans were underway for joint committees on training and workplace environment to better look into the needs of workers. How to cite NTUC Management Restructuring, Essay examples

Free sample report on Bosistos Eucalyptus Oil In UruguayÂÂ

Question-Your company has decided to proceed with entering the market you reported on, follow up with a further analysis and with suggested strategies for entering that market with your chosen product. You are required to prepare an international market entry report? EXEUTIVE SUMMARY International Marketing is paramount for this organization in its mission for producing generous benefits. Throughout today's organizations, survival relies on upon their vicinity on the worldwide world business sector. For such an organization to successfully take part in worldwide rivalry, a ton of exertions are required in enhancing the adequacy of the organization's top administration in settling on significant choices at the perfect time. This report analyzes the international marketing procedures utilized by Bosistos as a part of its journey to tap the universal business sector at Uruguay by launching the eucalyptus oil. The motivation behind the report is to give the organization the data important to revise and enhance their marketing method. Bosisto's Eucalyptus Oil has been promoted constantly since Joseph Bosistos established the eucalyptus oil industry in Victoria in 1852. Eucalyptus oil was the first uniquely Australian substance to be incorporated in the British Pharmac opeia. The major objectives of this report are to: Assess the macro environment of Uruguay using PESTLE as the tool Evaluate the market, competitors and product To identify the best suited international market entry strategy Develop a preliminary marketing plan that would highlight the product and the distribution strategies and also provide few tactics that organization can utilize to enter the Uruguay market Recommend few actions that can be taken before entering the market The information fundamental for this report was gotten by investigating organization data from their site which is sufficiently upgraded. In light of the conclusion made in the report, suggestions for a compelling global showcasing procedure are to completely use the inward and outer organizational environment domain. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXEUTIVE SUMMARY.. 2 INTRODUCTION.. 4 MARKET ATTRACTIVNESS. 4 MARKET AUDIT AND COMPETITIVE MARKET ANALYSIS. 7 MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY.. 8 PRELIMINARY MARKETING PLAN HIGHLIGHTS. 10 Product and Distribution strategies. 10 Tactics to enter the foreign market: 11 CONCLUSION.. 12 RECOMMENDATION.. 14 REFERENCES. 15 INTRODUCTION The most important decisions that an organization has to take regarding the international market are the entry mode choice decision (Quer, Claver and Rienda, 2007). The determination of a proper international entry mode can have critical and extensive outcomes on a company's execution and survival (Ekeledo and Sivakumar, 2004). Entry mode is a standout amongst the most discriminating vital decisions, on the grounds that it influences the company's future choices and operations in the chose nations market (Brouthers and Hennart, 2007). The most common international entry modes are joint venture, licensing, exporting, franchising wholly owned subsidiary and mergers and acquisitions. This report will discuss the entry mode strategy that Bosistos need to follow in order to enter the Uruguay market. The report starts with discussing the market attractiveness of Uruguay that helps the organization to plan the strategies to enter the market easily. MARKET ATTRACTIVNESS Analysis of Macro environment helps to understand the factors that can help the business to excel in the country. Organizations conduct this analysis to keep themselves updated with the current business issues and also the most common tool that every organization utilizes to understand the marco environment of the country is PESTLE which involves the factors political, environmental, social, technological, legal and economical aspects. The key purpose of analyzing these factors is to develop an effective plan which leverages the external factors to favor the organizations environment. Political: The execution of political framework constitutes a key add-in of the pertinent institutional environment inside which open strategies are composed and implemented. Uruguay has been assessed as a free nation since 1985 and its figures enhanced until the present setting the nation in the top classification with the most extreme score following 2001. A second remarkable file of vote based system is that produced for the Polity Project made by Ted Gurr along with Keith Jaggers and Monty Marshall and which allot scores to nations everywhere the world from 1800 up to the present. In this estimation Uruguay has again gotten the most extreme score, this time since 1989. An option approach to assess the political execution is to consider the impression of the citizenry. Latinobarmetro produces a "majority rules system list" which midpoints help for popular government and fulfillment with popular government (Bergara et al., 2006) Bosistos have the as a free decision to embrace any sought lawful association structure. Then again, in the decision of the lawful vehicle, legitimate and assessment insight is prudent. An enterprise may be entirely possessed, and an extension may lead full business transactions. An organization likewise may be wholly owned by people or elements of the foreign country. They have the opportunity to enjoy the tax at 0.3% rate every year on their liabilities and reserves and capital. The exports and imports are free with effective legal limitations. There is no government intervention for exchange rate. (Lexmundi.com, 2014) Economical: According to World Bank Study in the year 2005, organizations have a favorable investment environment. Uruguay ranks 70th among 175 countries in the ease of doing business (International Monetary Fund, 2008). The economic condition of Uruguay scores 69.3, making its economy the 38th freest in the 2014 Index. Its score is 0.4 point lower than a year ago, with decreases in monetary flexibility, work opportunity, fiscal flexibility, and exchange flexibility exceeding changes in opportunity from debasement, business flexibility, and venture flexibility. Uruguay is positioned fifth out of 29 nations in the South and Central America/Caribbean district, and its general score is over the world average. Uruguay has a free market economy portrayed by a fare situated farming segment, decently taught work energy, and abnormal amounts of social spending. The present GDP is $53.8 billion. (Heritage.org, 2014) Social: Social components included in the macro environment investigation incorporate demographics, riches dispersion, and ways of life and the instruction of buyers. Each of these components will decide how an organization collaborates with shoppers. The population growth rate of Uruguay is 0.26%. The age structure of Uruguay is 21% of the population includes age group of 0-14years, 16% is 15-24 years, 38.9% is 25-54 years, 10% is 55-64 years and 13.9% is over 65years. Uruguay Education realities say that Uruguay is honored with a high rate of education, which is just about equivalent to the created countries. (Mapsofworld.com, 2014) Uruguay's procurement of free essential through college education has helped the nation's abnormal amounts of reading proficiency and education fulfillment. On the other hand, the displacement of human capital has lessened the state's profit for its interest in instruction. Settlements from the around 18% of Uruguayans abroad add up to short of what 1 percent o f national GDP. The displacement of youthful grown-ups and a low conception rate are bringing on Uruguay's populace to age quickly (Indexmundi.com, 2014). Technological: Technology is key for the survival of any organization far and wide today. Machines and the Internet have expanded access to data and permitted organizations to reach new clients. Refined new devices help process business exercises all the more productively, boosting productivity. the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) supported $14 million in innovation related tasks in Uruguay that have helped the nation create new tech organizations, given little firms access to engineering to make them more focused, and gave engineering answers for encourage the advancement of little and medium-sized companies (Inter-American Development Bank, 2014). Since 1985 Uruguay has been creating a superb Technological Pole concentrated on software and administration send out. Information transfers and Software improvement are the segments with the biggest development in the course of the most recent years. The truth demonstrates that Uruguay is the first software exporter in Latin America, and all around involves a decent position. Considering the measure of software sent out in connection to its yearly creation, Uruguay (30%) positions third worldwide behind Ireland (90%) and India (half). As software fare exercises keep expanding, Uruguay is characterized as the heaven for software and IT outsourcing (Inswitch.us, 2014). Legal: The legal factors include health and safety, environment, competition laws. The managers and the owners should be aware of these laws to stop lawsuits. Uruguay is one of Latin America's slightest degenerate nations. A Transparency Law criminalizes a wide scope of potential misuses of force by officeholders, including the washing of trusts identified with open defilement cases. The legal is moderately free; however the court framework remains seriously accumulated. Private property is for the most part secure, and confiscation is unrealistic. Contracts are implemented, and regulations secure IPR (Lexmundi.com, 2014). In Uruguay there is not one or the other a labor contract law (act) nor a work code. The rules that represent vocation are scattered in distinctive writings of different progressions. Thusly, there are sacred principles, others from a legitimate source, procurements passed by means of announcements of the Executive Power and, at long last, traditional rules. There is no r estriction for outside individuals to work in Uruguay. To work in Uruguay, nominatives must get legitimate home and a restorative endorsement of great wellbeing (Heritage.org, 2014). Environmental: Uruguay positions third on the planet in ecological supportability out of 146 nations as indicated by the most recent Environmental Sustainability Index 2005 (ESI) delivered by a group of natural masters at Yale and Columbia Universities. This record was discharged at the World Economic Forum in January 2005 in Davos. It is not exceptionally industrialized and accordingly confronts moderately low natural anxieties. It does, however have some financial qualities and sensibly great political and social establishments and capacity (Marichalwines.com, 2014). Uruguays major ecological issues include (Eoearth.org, 2014): water contamination from meat pressing/tannery industry; and, Insufficient robust/risky waste transfer. MARKET AUDIT AND COMPETITIVE MARKET ANALYSIS Eucalyptus oils are clear fluids with fragrances normal for the specific species from which they are acquired. The oils are drab when refined, yet generally somewhat yellow when initially refined from the leaf. Like other fundamental oils they are mixtures of natural mixes - predominantly terpenes - the single person parts of which, and their extents, focus the substance and olfactory attributes of the oil and, consequently, its esteem. The creation of the oil is reliant, fundamentally, on hereditary instead of ecological factors. The oils are characterized in the exchange into three expansive sorts as indicated by their synthesis and fundamental end-use: therapeutic, perfumery and modern. Of these, the most paramount as far as volume of generation and exchange is the therapeutic sort, described by high cineole content in the oil. These, and the perfumery sort, are talked about beneath. The supposed industrial oil, created from E. dives, now has a little and lessening market and is n ot talked about further (Coppen, 2003). Since the end of the 1960s, the Government of Uruguay has energized reforestation and this strategy was fortified by the reception of the Forest Law in 1987. The yearly rate of foundation of new ranches has developed quickly and arrived at 80,000 ha in 1998. The fundamental species planted are eucalyptus (83%) and pines (14% of the aggregate; basically Pinus tadea and P. elliotti, in addition to P. pinaster in the seaside areas). In excess of 1 million ha of eucalyptus are plants today to supply fuel, timber and the residential paper industry. The two primary species planted are Eucalyptus globulus and E. grandis. The degree of the estates incited business refining of E. globulus leaf in the 1980s. The refineries were of nearby make, a basic water-steam plan and were dispersed in a territory of up to 100 km from Montevideo. One organization had 16 refining units, each with a leaf charge limit of 3 tons. The unrefined petroleum was typically amended before deal. Generation topped in 1 993/94 at 28 tons, of which 20% was traded to neighboring nations. Household use crossed pharmaceutical arrangements, family unit and clean items, fragrances and confectionery. Since that time, generation has declined due to the opposition from low valued Chinese eucalyptus oil (Dellacassa, 2001). The recent plantation data shows Peru, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile which have substantial areas of 245000hecters or more. The major species is Eucalyptus that accounts for 90% and 80% in Peru and Uruguay respectively. Uruguay has in the range of 1,292,000 hectares (3,193,000 sections of land) of forestland. Around 50,000 hectares (124,000 sections of land) were reforested every year from 1990 to 2000. The primary species developed are eucalyptus and pine; local woods are utilized essentially for windbreaks, wall posts, and firewood. However nothing unless there are other options specified nations match the scale of Brazil(Coppen, 2003). Thus companies manufacturing Eucalyptus oil in Brazil act as the main competitor for the companies in Uruguay. Apart from this, the organizations from France, Europe, UK and Germany exporting their Eucalyptus oil in Uruguay would act as the main competitor for Bosistos (Fao.org, 2014). MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY Bosistos can utilize either of the two strategies: Exporting or Wholly Owned Subsidiary. Exporting: implies the deal abroad of a thing created, put away or transformed in the supplying association's nation of origin. It is a helpful technique to increment the sales. Latent trading happens when a firm gets canvassed them. Dynamic sending out then again comes about because of a vital choice to establish legitimate frameworks for arranging the fare functions and for getting remote deals (Ekeledo and Sivakumar, 2004). The advantages of using this strategy are (Czinkota, Ronkainen and Kotabe, 2009): In the event that the organization chooses an organization in the host nation to appropriate the company can enter global business with no or less financial resources however this sum would be less contrasted with that would be vital under different modes Sending out includes less hazard as the organization comprehend the society, client and the business sector of the host nation slowly. Later in the wake of comprehension the host nation the organization can enter on a full scale Motivations for trading are proactive and sensitive. Proactive motivations are opportunities accessible in the host nation. Reactive motivators are those exertions taken by the organization to fare the item to a remote nation because of the decrease sought after for its item in the nation of origin. Wholly owned subsidiary is an organization that is totally possessed by an alternate organization called the parent organization or holding organization. The parent organization will hold the majority of the subsidiary's regular stock. Since the parent organization claims the greater part of the subsidiary's stock, it has the right to name the subsidiary's governing body, which controls the subsidiary. Completely claimed subsidiaries may be some piece of the same business as the parent organization or a piece of an altogether distinctive industry. Now and again organizations will turn off some piece of itself as an entirely possessed subsidiary. The advantages of utilizing this entry mode are: Completely claimed subsidiaries offer a few focal points to the parent organization. Organizations that must depend upon suppliers and administration suppliers can take control of their store network by utilization of completely own subsidiaries. This is a method for vertical joining where organizations in an inventory network are under the control of a typical manager. Entirely possessed subsidiaries likewise offer an opportunity for organization's to enhance and oversee hazard. Expansion is a methods for an organization to diminish hazard by creating distinctive sorts of organizations so that if one business or industry isn't doing great, its different organizations may have the capacity to get a move on and stay with the productive. Damage from the disappointment of one subsidiary won't fundamental be lethal to the parent organization. Essentially, an organization can diminish its hazard in entering into another market or industry by utilizing subsidiaries, which help minimize the parent organization's presentation. Cost collaborations are conceivable on the grounds that a parent and its subsidiaries could utilize basic money related frameworks, offer regulatory administrations and create joint advertising projects. A parent organization likewise controls the benefits of its subsidiaries and can contribute these advantages as it sees fit. PRELIMINARY MARKETING PLAN HIGHLIGHTS Product and Distribution strategies There are five different strategies that Bosistos can utilized before launching the product in Uruguay market (Carter, 1997): Extension of Product Communication: This is a low cost strategy. this technique is minimal effort and just takes the same item and correspondence technique into different markets. Be that as it may it can be dangerous if misinterpretations are made. Adapting communication with extended product: In the event that the item fundamentally fits the distinctive needs or portions of a business it may require an alteration in promoting correspondences just. Again this is a minimal effort technique, however diverse item capacities must be distinguished and a suitable correspondences blend created. Adapting Product with communication extension: Here the product is adapted to the local needs and utilization conditions yet the correspondence keeps with it and has accomplished global bid. The supposition is that the item will serve the same capacity in outside business sectors under distinctive use conditions. Both adapting product and communication: Both item and correspondence methodologies need thoughtfulness regarding fit the impossible to miss need of the business. Invention of Product: This needs a completely new thought to fit the restrictive conditions of the business. This is truly a system which could be perfect in a Third World circumstance. The improvement expenses may be high; however the points of interest are very high. A decent item may not be acknowledged by a business on the off chance that it is not legitimately made accessible. Everything items need capable distribution (Onkvisit and Shaw, 1993). Each organization must oversee appropriation, or the stream of items to the end purchaser. Promoting channels can be seen as sets of free associations included currently making an item or administration accessible for utilization or utilization. However promoting channels does not mean just to fulfill request by supplying products and administrations at the perfect spot, amount, quality, and cost, however they likewise invigorate request through the special exercises of the units (e.g., retailers, makers' delegates, deals business locales, and wholesalers) including them. Thusly the channel ought to be seen as a coordinated arranges that makes esteem for client or buyer through the era of structure, ownership, time, and spot utilities (Stern and Ansary, 1988). There are two approaches to convey products; specifically to the last client or in a roundabout way through a more perplexing framework that utilizes mediators. Direct channels include offering through individual contacts from organization to prospective clients via mail, telephone, and individual visits. Indirect channels include offering through outsider delegates, for example, operators or dealer agents, wholesalers or merchants, and retailers or dealer. Direct channel encourages corporate control and inspiration of framework parts. A part who is an organization worker can screen circulation exercises and utilize the power of the organization to impact the conduct of circulation individual. As opposed to direct channel, indirect channel are not straightforwardly controlled by the organization. The organization utilizes delegates to contact with the last clients. The managers of Boisitos involved in international marketing need to discover the ideal conveyance channel to match the association's remarkable aggressive qualities and shortcomings with the necessities of every national business sector it serve. Tactics to enter the foreign market: It is vital, before entering an outside business sector to unmistakably recognize the inspirations driving your choice to investigate entering the global commercial center. Analyze what domestic marketing strategy of organization has been and how the local arrangement utilized by the organization on a nearby level needs to be custom-made to be emphatically gotten in the proposed universal domain (Forbes, 2011). At the point when entering an international business sector ensure the organization knows the nation's history, the best possible approach to welcome somebody, the customary times for lunch Accumulate recorded information on the nation's coin esteem vacillation and import/send out timelines. Lock in conveyance dates and currency rates ahead of time at whatever point conceivable. Turn into an expert on the nation's laws legislating business. Have neighborhood representation if conceivable, somebody who can help you explore any unforeseen impediments and clarify all agreement procurements and phrasing. Know and comprehend the laws and legalese of the ward that governs the agreement before it gets to be legitimately tying. Conduct tests like focus group to try things out in the prospective global business. Seeing each nation's society implies you need to discover approaches to achieve what would generally be the same demographic yet in an alternate area. Another methodology may be required to make your item or administration suitable to the needs and desires of the potential outside business and its society Discover what your rival has done in the same region. Has one of the rivals attempted to enter this business sector in the recent past? What impediments did they confront? How could they have been able to they approach the new market? What's more above all, what would you do any other way? CONCLUSION In conclusion, it can be said that The International business is vital in today's business. The development of innovation has secured the world as a worldwide town and has given organizations an immaculate open door for arriving at to the beforehand inaccessible markets. There are various differences that are to be explored when operating in the foreign countries compared to host countries. Political, social, cultural, language barriers are some of the problems that Bosistos need to consider. Bosistos has an entrenched capital base that guarantees that it can reach to a bigger number of areas than it has done. The technique that needs to be received by this organization in these deliberations must be focused around misusing the prompt inward market which would viably open space for more extensive infiltration in the outside business sector. The worldwide business sector presents incredible potential for the organization since it would help in growing generation offices for the organi zation which would adequately help in boosting the organization gainfulness. One of the difficulties confronting this organization is the reception of adaptable systems that can be received quick and viably. The organization ought to thus work towards creating working arrangements that would help create techniques that would address this shortcoming. RECOMMENDATION Bosistos can follow the below mentioned recommendations before entering into Uruguay: Illuminate what is determined comprehensively and what is overseen generally Comprehend neighborhood market needs and create a community approach Create and standardize a worldwide promoting arrange early Oversee crusades like an armed force operation arrange heartlessly Ensure that the organization track and alter progressively the key metrics Merge and offer understanding Create an open correspondence with trust that serves to support connection The organization should appoint the local professionals from Uruguay that would help them to actualize their potential customers in the Uruguay market. The organization should invest in the survey for expanding their market and customer base of eucalyptus oil. Since the country has high technology facilities, the organization can also utilize upgraded technology that would help them to track their product and services logistics. REFERENCES Bergara, M., Buquet, D., Juan, A., Pereyra, A., Tansini, R., Adolfo, G. and Chasquetti, D. (2006). Political Institutions, Policymaking Processes, and Policy Outcomes: The Case of Uruguay. Brouthers, K. and Hennart, J. (2007). Boundaries of the firm: Insights from international entry mode research. Journal of Management, 33(3), pp.395--425. Carter, S. (1997). Global agricultural marketing management. 1st ed. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Coppen, J. (2003). Eucalyptus: The Genus Eucalyptus. 1st ed. CRC Press, p.248. Czinkota, M., Ronkainen, I. and Kotabe, M. (2009). Emerging trends, threats, and opportunities in international marketing. 1st ed. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press, pp.110-115. Dellacassa, E. (2001). URUGUAY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS INDUSTRY. [online] ifeat.org. Ekeledo, I. and Sivakumar, K. (2004). International market entry mode strategies of manufacturing firms and service firms: A resource-based perspective. International Marketing Review, 21(1), pp.68--101. Ekeledo, I. and Sivakumar, K. (2004). International market entry mode strategies of manufacturing firms and service firms: A resource-based perspective. International Marketing Review, 21(1), pp.68--101. Eoearth.org, (2014). Uruguay. Fao.org, (2014). CHAPTER 5. Forbes, (2011). A 5 Step Primer for Entering an International Market. Heritage.org, (2014). Uruguay Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption. Indexmundi.com, (2014). Uruguay Demographics Profile 2014. Inswitch.us, (2014). About Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, (2014). Technology in Uruguay: Inter-American Development Bank - Inter-American Development Bank. International Monetary Fund, (2008). Uruguay: Ex Post Evaluation of Exceptional Access Under the 2005 Stand-by Arrangement. 1st ed. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, p.31. Lexmundi.com, (2014). Lex Mundi - The Law Firms That Know Your Markets: The Law Firms That Know Your Markets. Mapsofworld.com, (2014). Uruguay Education. Marichalwines.com, (2014). Uruguay ranks 3rd in World Environmental Scorecard. Onkvisit, S. and Shaw, J. (1993). International Marketing- Analaysis and Strategy. 1st ed. Macmillan Publishing Comapany. Quer, D., Claver, E. and Rienda, L. (2007). The impact of country risk and cultural distance on entry mode choice: An integrated approach. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 14(1), pp.74--87. Stern, L. and Ansary, A. (1988). Marketing channels. 1st ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

Baudelaires Hymn to Beauty vs. Rimbauds Drunken Boat

Baudelaires Hymn to Beauty vs. Rimbauds Drunken Boat Reading the poem entitled Hymn to Beauty by Baudelaire, I picked up on some familiar characteristics that I myself find in some of my random writings I do in my spare time. I often think of a simple subject to focus my thoughts on; sometimes these subjects being complex but often I find at the end of my writings, they have begun with no specific subject, but something brings it all together in the end and many times, they can be boiled down to one specific word or idead. Baudelaire chose to write about beauty.Now, when I read this poem, I didn't move on to read the next one because I think that poetry needs to be analyzed deeply without outside distraction. In this case, I figured that reading on to the next poem would pollute my mind with the ideas and emotions that the writer (Arthur Rimbaud) conveyed through his poem.Polski: Autograf Arthura RimbaudaBy reading through both poems from the initial standpoint, I think that myself, as well and anybody else would, in a sense, combine t he emotions and the meanings behind the writings. To me, any poetry or song lyric needs to be read and studied alone in order to find out what the emotional state the writer was in and the overlying message the writer was attempting to portray. Maybe I am wrong by doing this for this class assignment but I am sure that my approach would be accepted by the writers of both of these literary works.Hymn to Beauty: Obviously, this piece is about Beauty. But why does this writer want to speak of beauty? He questions beauty and I like it. To me personally, I believe beauty is a learned thing. It differentiates between personalities. What is one man's junk is another...

Isomer Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Isomer Definition and Examples in Chemistry An isomer is a chemical species with the same number and types of atoms as another chemical species but with distinct properties because the atoms are arranged into different chemical structures. When atoms can assume different configurations, the phenomenon is termed isomerism. There are several categories of isomers, including structural isomers, geometric isomers, optical isomers, and stereoisomers. Isomerization can occur spontaneously or not, depending on whether the bond energy of the configurations is comparable. Types of Isomers The two broad categories of isomers are structural isomers (also called constitutional isomers) and stereoisomers (also called spatial isomers). Structural Isomers: In this type of isomerism, the atoms and functional groups are joined differently. Structural isomers have different IUPAC names. An example is the position change seen in 1-fluoropropane and 2-fluoropropane. Types of structural isomerism include chain isomerism, where hydrocarbon chains have different degrees of branching; functional group isomerism, where a functional group may split into different ones; and skeletal isomerism, where the main carbon chain varies. Tautomers are structural isomers that can spontaneously convert between forms. An example is keto/enol tautomerism, in which a proton moves between a carbon and oxygen atom. Stereoisomers: The bond structure between atoms and functional groups is the same in stereoisomerism, but the geometrical positioning can change. This class of isomers includes enantiomers (or optical isomers), which are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other, like left and right hands. Enantiomers always contain chiral centers. Enantiomers often display similar physical properties and chemical reactivities, although the molecules may be distinguished by how they polarize light. In biochemical reactions, enzymes usually react with one enantiomer in preference to the other. An example of a pair of enantiomers is (S)-()-lactic acid and (R)-(-)-lactic acid. Alternatively, stereoisomers may be diastereomers, which arent mirror images of each other. Diastereomers may contain chiral centers, but there are isomers without chiral centers and those that arent even chiral. An example of a pair of diastereomers is D-threose and D-erythrose. Diastereomers typically have different physical properties and reactivities from each other. Conformational Isomers (conformers): Conformation may be used to classify isomers. Conformers may be enantiomers, diastereomers, or rotamers. There are different systems used to identify stereoisomers, including cis-trans and E/Z. Isomer Examples Pentane, 2-methylbutane, and 2,2-dimethylpropane are structural isomers of each other. Importance of Isomerism Isomers are especially important in nutrition and medicine because enzymes tend to work on one isomer over another. The substituted xanthines are a good example of an isomer found in food and drugs. Theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline are isomers, differing in the placement of methyl groups. Another example of isomerism occurs in phenethylamine drugs. Phentermine is a nonchiral compound that can be used as an appetite suppressant yet doesnt act as a stimulant. Rearranging the same atoms yields dextromethamphetamine, a stimulant stronger than amphetamine. Nuclear Isomers Usually the term isomer refers to different arrangements of atoms in molecules; however, there are also nuclear isomers. A nuclear isomer or metastable state is an atom that has the same atomic number and mass number as another atom of that element yet has a different excitation state within the atomic nucleus.

Personal Development and Careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Personal Development and Careers - Essay Example This relates to the first quote specifically by showing that there are a variety of processes which can be used for learning and which lead to changed behaviors. The style and process which is created is based on how one responds to a given situation as well as how this is associated with the learning which they have. The theory by Kolb then creates a psychometric analysis of how one can learn and change behaviors according to the learning style (Ciantis, 1996). When relating this statement to my personal learning style, I can also see the relevance which takes place. The experiences which I have constitutes most of my behaviors and reactions in given situations. For instance, a past job which I had was filled with high pressures, the need to respond to customers in a given manner and continuous ways in which the managers looked at employees to get high – end results. While this particular job was difficult, there was a specific thought process and emotional response which I c arried. The thought process was based on my understanding of the regulations while continuously trying to match them. The emotional responses came from the customers which I was working with and the associations which they had to the regulations that were followed. This instantly changed my behaviors, specifically in given situations. After a certain period of time, these behaviors and patterns were associated with other jobs, relationships with friends and expectations in society, specifically because there was an understanding that these regulations could help to solve problems and achieve compromises in given situations. This not only came from the basic learning and expectations of regulations, but also a... This paper approves that change management is another aspect which relates to changing employee attitudes and the approach which is used within the work space. Without the right attitude, the organization will not be able to go through necessary changes which occur. It is known that the environment is dynamic meaning new trends in society will continuously pressure a business to change. More important, the life cycle of products in a business and the approach to working in the business is also dynamic. The attitude which is necessary with this is to continue to adjust to the alterations which are in the work environment while understanding that the concept of change is required in the work place. This leads to the inability to transform the work environment while hindering the organization because of employee attitudes. This essay makes a conclusion that the specific approach taken with a given environment is based on finding problems, recording the difficulties and in changing the gaps that are within a given area. By doing this, there is the ability to create a more diverse response while approaching specific needs that are a part of the organizational environment. More important, this will help individuals and team members to have less resistance to change while continuing to implement communication methods that help to lessen gaps and to change the organizational environment. The use of communication in the right manner then becomes the main area of importance in assisting with the building of a company from a managerial level.

E-World Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E-World Communication - Essay Example They will develop an impression of others from the interpersonal information that they receive and if they like what has been formed in their minds, based on what has been written, then they will get to know each other more. who communicate others face to face" is addressed in the book titled, A First Look at Communication Theory. The book corresponds with Walther's social information theory, which suggests that people can still draw closer with the same quality and quantity of interpersonal knowledge but at an extended amount of time. Using the film You've Got Mail as a case study the book's author Griff (date) states that "(the characters') words illustrate the verbal cues and extended time features of SIP theory, as well as Walther's subsequent thinking." If people form good impressions of each other via CMC, then the self-fulfilling prophecy of a person's expectations causing another to respond accordingly will occur. Believe in it and it will happen is basically what this prophecy suggests. Simon (2005) reports that the SIP theory suggests, "The person's behavioral response to the cues occurs as a function of a sequence of mental p

Learned Helpness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learned Helpness - Essay Example These may cause employees to feel that success or recognition is unattainable, thereby inhibiting motivation to improve their performance levels2. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate learned helplessness among employees in organizations, and examine the creation of desirable motivation states through management interventions such as motivation, and empowerment and resilience, to eliminate learned helplessness among employees. Lyn Abramson and her team suggested that objective events in themselves do not produce learned helplessness. How those events are interpreted, particularly how their attributional dimensions are perceived, play an important part. Usually, the situations that produce learned helplessness give rise to only momentary symptoms of depression, unless there already exists a ‘depressive explanatory style’3. Besides generalizing from an unpleasant experience resulting in passive acceptance of situations, another approach to the theory of learned helplessness underscores a reinforcement process as its basis. That is, when particular behaviors lead to desired rewards and outcomes, people are motivated to repeat those behaviors. The motivation to perform those behaviors is lost when the specific behaviors do not help to achieve desired outcomes4. For example, when a manager regularly takes credit for her subordinates’ successes, while blaming them for their failures, the employees may lose their motivation to work harder than is necessary to keep their jobs. Similarly, when an organization enforces the use of outdated and ineffective procedures resulting in failed outcomes, employees may show little urgency or interest in their work5. The significance of organizationally induced learned helplessness is that â€Å"It often remains even when the barriers to success are removed†6. Consequently, when an unfair manager or restrictive policies are removed, employee motivation and

Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth

Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth Abstract The massive expenditures on foreign aid programs by developed nations and international institutions, in combination with the perceived lack of results from these disbursements, raise important questions as to the actual effectiveness of monetary assistance to less developed countries (LDCs). In this analysis, I focus on 119 low- and medium-development countries, and measure the impact that foreign aid has on their growth rates of gross domestic product, using dummy variables for geography and conflict in a geometric lag model. The results indicate that foreign aid donations do have a positive impact on the economic growth of the recipient nation. The effect is extremely modest, however, and other factors such as armed conflict and geography can easily mitigate this impact, in some cases to the extent that foreign aid becomes detrimental to economic growth. Further analysis of the results indicate that this impact is quickly felt, with half of the total impact of foreign aid felt in approximately six months. Key Words: Foreign aid, economic growth, economic development 1. Introduction Over the last half century, foreign aid has emerged as a dominant strategy for alleviating poverty in the third world. Not coincidentally, during this time period major international institutions, such as the United Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund gained prominence in global economic affairs.  [1]  Yet it seems that sixty years later, the lesser developed countries (LDCs) of the world continue to suffer from economic hardship, raising questions of whether foreign aid is a worthwhile and effective approach to boosting growth and development in recipient economies. Research on the subject has attempted to draw an empirical connection between foreign aid and economic growth. Despite these efforts, however, there is no solid consensus among scholars on the actual effectiveness of foreign aid inflows.  [2]   The term foreign aid can imply a number of different activities, ranging from humanitarian support in the wake of natural disasters to military assistance and arms donations.  [3]  For the purposes of this analysis, however, I refer to the standard definition of official development assistance, or aid that is aimed at increasing economic development, and has a grant component of at least 25% of the total aid package.  [4]  Critics of development assistance cite a variety of reasons why it is a poor strategy for combating global poverty. Some argue that it can breed corruption, weaken accountability, and cause government to become excessively large.  [5]  Nonetheless, as researchers Hansen and Tarp (2000) write, it is neither analytically defensible or empirically credible to argue from the outset that aid never works.  [6]  Indeed, a number of studies have shown a positive relationship between foreign aid and economic growth, especially in countries which have respons ible economic policies regarding trade, inflation, and other macroeconomic concerns. The purpose of this analysis is to study the effects of foreign aid inflows on real gross domestic product growth rates. It differs from existing research in two key ways. First, I utilize a geometric lag model to capture the continued impact of foreign aid inflows for years after its initial introduction into the economy.  [7]  Second, I incorporate several dummy variables for geography, political stability, and development to determine their additional impact on foreign aids effectiveness in growing GDP. 2. Literature Review There are two contrasting sides to this debate: one which argues that aid has a positive effect on economic growth, with even more impact in countries with sound economic and trade policies; and another which contends that foreign aid causes corruption, encourages rent-seeking behavior, and erodes bureaucratic institutions. A renewed interest in explaining cross-country economic growth emerged in the early 1990s, with numerous studies attempting to answer the foreign aid question. To date, however, there is no consensus among scholars as to the actual effects of foreign aid on economic growth. There have been several prominent studies which find a causal link between foreign aid and economic growth. Perhaps the most well-known of these was performed by two researchers for the World Bank, Craig Burnside and David Dollar (1997). They found that foreign aid enhances economic growth, so long as good fiscal policies are in place. These policies can include maintaining small budget deficits, controlling inflation, and being open to global trade.  [8]  Durbarry, et. al. (1998) also found a positive association between foreign aid and economic growth, and confirmed Burnside and Dollars finding of conditionality on good economic policy. The study also concluded, however, that the degree to which aid impacts GDP depends largely on other factors as well, such as geography.  [9]  Ali and Isse (2005) further confirmed the findings of Burnside and Dollar. The study also demonstrated, though, that aid is subject to decreasing marginal returns, indicating a threshold beyond which development assistance can become detrimental to economic growth.  [10]   Not all research has shown a positive relationship to exist between aid and growth. Even before Burnside and Dollars monumental findings, a study by Peter Boone (1994) found that aid-intensive African countries experienced zero per capita economic growth in the 1970s and 80s, despite foreign aid actually increasing (as measured by share of GDP).  [11]  Additionally, Knack (2001) found that high levels of foreign aid can erode bureaucratic and institutional quality, triggering corruption, and encouraging rent-seeking behavior.  [12]   There is also evidence that the effects of foreign aid can be mitigated by other non-economic factors. Situations of state failure, such as ethnic conflict, genocide or politicide, and revolution can all potentially influence the extent to which aid impacts growth. George Mason Universitys Political Instability Task Force (PITF) created a binary dataset indicating in which countries and during what years these events take place. According to the PITF, an ethnic conflict requires the clash of two separate ethnic, religious, or nationalistic factions, and also must meet two threshold criteria: 1,000 people must be mobilized for armed conflict, and at least 1,000 people per year must have died as a direct result of this conflict. Similarly, revolutions are defined as episodes of violent conflict between political groups in hopes of overthrowing the current regime, and must meet the same threshold criteria as ethnic wars. Finally, genocide and politicides are defined in a slightly differ ent manner. These events occur when the group in power carries out sustained policies that target ethnic, religious, or political rivals, ultimately resulting in the deaths of a substantial portion of one of those groups.  [13]   Easterly and Levine (1997) studied the effects of high ethnic fractionalization on economic growth. By fractionalization, they mean the probability that two randomly chosen people from a population will be of different ethno-linguistic backgrounds. Easterly and Levine conclude that movement from heterogeneity to homogeneity (decreasing fractionalization) results in better schooling, more efficient infrastructures, and more developed financial systems and foreign exchange markets.  [14]  According to their findings, then, it is entirely possible that ethnic conflict, in its attempt to move away from ethnic diversity and towards ethnic homogeneity, will actually improve economic growth. Despite their findings, however, the instability of the regime could still negatively impact the degree of aids effectiveness. Not a lot of attention is paid to genocide, politicide, and revolution and their effects on growth in the literature. Moreover, there has been virtually no research performed on this question as it concerns the effectiveness of aid. It is reasonable to believe, though, that resources (including foreign aid) are siphoned off by the dominant party and used for individual benefit rather than for economically efficient activities, as intended. Furthermore, out of respect for state sovereignty, these events are not likely to prompt a major international response, which would perhaps eliminate local control over resources and allow them to be used productively. Ethnic conflict, on the other hand, typically ignores state boundaries. One study by Gurr (1993) estimated that over two-thirds of identified ethnic communal groups in the world have kindred in another country. The spread across state borders allows other states to intervene without violating state sovereignty, which could positively impact how resources are used, and ultimately, economic growth. Additionally, a countrys geographic location can influence economic performance; nations that are landlocked, for instance, are at a natural disadvantage in global trade. Sachs and Warner (1996) write, Landlocked countries, in particular, face very high costs of shipping, since they must pay road transport costs across at least on international boundary in addition to sea freight costs. Although air shipments can help overcome many of these problems, only certain goods can be economically shipped by air, and most countries still import and export the majority of goods by the sea.  [15]   A report by the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1999) specifically mentions the positive relationship between aid and growth in landlocked countries, noting that they are at a disadvantage for these reasons, as well.  [16]  Due to their geographical position, then, landlocked countries could potentially benefit from foreign assistance, as it may fill the gap in trade that they experience relative to countries with easy access to international trade. 3. Methodology 3.1 Data I direct the focus of this analysis to low- and medium-development countries as defined by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its Human Development Index (HDI).  [17]  These nations were selected since they are the most likely to be recipients of foreign aid, whereas high-development nations are the most likely to be donors. I select the HDI as a basis for classification because in addition to income, the index accounts for life expectancy as measured by infant mortality rates, and educational attainment as measured by adult literacy rates and gross enrollment ratios for primary, secondary, and tertiary schools. This provides for a more thorough understanding of a countrys stage of development and a comprehensive measure of quality of life.  [18]  In all, 119 countries of the 177 analyzed by the UNDP (67%) meet the development criteria and were included in this study.  [19]   Due to data availability issues, I restrict the range of this study to the period from 1980 to 2003. With 119 cross sections, there is a potential 2,856 observations over this time span. After taking into account missing data for the independent variables included in the model, 1,760 remain, or about 62%. A vast majority of the missing data is a result of the overall lack of information regarding Sub-Saharan Africa and Soviet bloc countries during the early 1980s. Furthermore, I aim to measure the impact of foreign aid on average, across both time and countries. Thus, I employ pooled data analysis. I collect the data in annual format from several sources. Most of the data come from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)  [20]  and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).  [21]  Table 1 below lists the variables included in this study and the source from which they were gathered: Table 1: Data Sources Variable Unit Source Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate IMF Official Development Assistance Millions $US UNCTAD Household Consumption Growth Rate UNCTAD Government Expenditures Growth Rate UNCTAD Exports*Petroleum Exporter Growth Rate UNCTAD Imports Growth Rate UNCTAD Agricultural Production Growth Rate UNCTAD Gross Capital Formation Growth Rate UNCTAD Inflation Growth Rate IMF Openness to Trade  [22]   Share of GDP UNCTAD Energy Consumption Per Capita Millions of BTUs Energy Information Agency, U.S. Dept of Energy Major Petroleum Exporter Dummy 1=Yes, 0=Otherwise UNCTAD Non-Tropics Dummy  [23]   1=Yes, 0=Otherwise IUCN World Conservation Union Foreign Direct Investment Inflows Millions $US UNCTAD Ethnic Conflict Dummy 1=Yes, 0=Otherwise Political Instability Task Force, University of Maryland Genocide Dummy 1=Yes, 0=Otherwise Political Instability Task Force, University of Maryland Revolution Dummy 1=Yes, 0=Otherwise Political Instability Task Force, University of Maryland Landlocked Country Dummy 1=Yes, 0=Otherwise UNCTAD Low Development Dummy 1=Yes, 0=Otherwise United Nations Development Programme Data for household consumption, government expenditures, exports, imports, agricultural production, and gross capital formation were only available in share of GDP format. Since I aim to explain growth rates in GDP, however, percentage changes in the dollar amounts of each of these variables would be more appropriate. Thus, I transform these numbers into growth rates as well.  [24]   3.2 Model Specification I assume that inflows of foreign aid will continue to impact the economy for years after its initial introduction, but at a decreasing rate. It would therefore be unsuitable to use an ordinary least squares model, since it would only take into account aid inflows in the year they were received and disregard the continued impact that foreign aid has on the economy in the years after its introduction. To effectively capture this rationale, I use a geometric lag model which incorporates an infinite number of lags for each variable, but weights each lag in a geometrically declining fashion. The general form of this type of model is: (1) Note that in the model a weight is attached to each lag (ÃŽÂ »), a value between zero and one that diminishes geometrically as time passes. Mathematically, this model is the same as:  [25]   (2) This simpler form, however, shows the dependent variable Y on the right side of the equation. Since Y is already shown to have an error component in (1), this simplification introduces a stochastic regressor into the model, requiring two-stage least squares (TSLS) regression. In order to ensure the instruments required for TSLS are non-stochastic, I lag each one period. Thus, to the observer at time t, values for instruments at t-1 are fixed. In other words, these instruments are stochastic but predetermined. 3.3 Expected Results I expect to find a positive relationship between foreign aid and economic growth on average, as indicated by most prior research on this subject. I further anticipate, however, that aid will have a detrimental effect on low-development countries since they lack efficient infrastructures and institutions which might make foreign aid donations more effective. I expect ethnic conflict, genocide and revolution to negatively influence the effectiveness of foreign aid, but leave open the possibility that ethnic conflict could positively influence aids impact based on Easterlys study. Furthermore, I expect landlocked countries to experience additional positive gains from foreign aid, since they are at a trade disadvantage. 4. Results and Analysis The results of the TSLS regression are shown below in Table 2: Table 2: TSLS Regression Results Parameter Estimate Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. Constant Term 0.091 0.400 0.228 0.820 GDP(-1) [Lambda] 0.233 0.087 2.692 0.007 Household Consumption 6.307 2.241 2.814 0.005 Government Expenditures 4.505 1.305 3.452 0.001 Exports*Petroleum Exporter 9.825 1.866 5.266 0.000 Imports -3.746 0.963 -3.891 0.000 Agricultural Production 10.976 1.992 5.510 0.000 Gross Capital Formation 7.262 0.834 8.703 0.000 Inflation -0.001 0.000 -2.282 0.023 Openness to Trade 0.020 0.005 4.301 0.000 Energy Consumption -0.013 0.004 -3.212 0.001 Energy Cons.*Low Dev. -0.052 0.014 -3.822 0.000 Less than Half of Land in Tropics (1=Yes) 0.742 0.326 2.275 0.023 Foreign Direct Investment 0.000 0.000 2.124 0.034 Foreign Aid 0.001 0.000 3.233 0.001 Foreign Aid*Ethnic Conflict 0.001 0.000 2.202 0.028 Foreign Aid*Genocide*Low Dev. -0.017 0.009 -1.948 0.052 Foreign Aid*Revolution -0.001 0.000 -2.731 0.006 Foreign Aid*Landlocked 0.002 0.001 1.847 0.065 Foreign Aid*Landlocked*Low Dev. -0.003 0.001 -2.320 0.021 R-squared 0.415 S.E. of regression 4.535 Adjusted R-squared 0.408 Durbin-Watson stat 2.069 The model can be written as in general terms as follows: (3) Where: GDP = Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate (for country i at time t) ODA = Official Development Assistance (for country i at time t) DUMMY = Vector for Dummy Variables (for country i at time t) Z = Vector for All Other Variables (for country i at time t) The results of the regression indicate that approximately 42% of the variation in GDP growth rates is explained by the variables included in the model, as evidenced by the R-squared value. Further, each coefficient estimate is significant at the 0.05 level, with the exception of a few borderline cases and the constant term. These coefficients are also consistent with my expectations, however the coefficient for the ethnic conflict dummy did turn out to be in harmony with Easterlys study of ethnic fractionalization. The Durbin-Watson statistic fails to conclusively determine the presence of serial correlation. Further analysis of the residuals, however, indicates that it is not a statistically significant problem.  [26]  The model was also tested for the presence of heteroskedasticity, both across time and cross sections using the Breusch-Pagan Test. The results of this test fail to show statistically significant evidence of heteroskedasticity.  [27]  Multicollinearity was investigated using a correlation matrix of the regressors, but no major evidence of this anomaly was detected, either.  [28]   The results provide insight as to foreign aids effectiveness in a number of ways. Most obvious is that it is has a positive, though modest effect on economic growth, significant at the 0.01 level. Increasing foreign aid by $1 million US will result in an increase in GDP of approximately 0.001%, ceteris paribus. According to the data, the average annual amount of official development assistance received over all years and countries is approximately $570 million US. In this case, aid is estimated to increase growth in GDP by approximately 0.6%. As shown in Table 3, however, this impact can be greatly diminished by other factors, in some cases to the point where aid actually becomes detrimental to growth. Using the baseline case of a country with no ethnic conflict, revolution, or genocide, which is not landlocked, and does not suffer from low development, I estimate the additional impacts of any of those circumstances on economic growth. Those factors with N/A listed under Impact were not statistically significant at the 0.05 level.  [29]   Table 3: Factors Influencing Aid Effectiveness Factor Impact Overall Impact of Aid + Additional Factor(s) on GDP Ethnic Conflict 0.001 0.002 Ethnic Conflict in Low Development Countries N/A N/A Genocide/Politicide N/A N/A Genocide/Politicide in Low Development Countries -0.017 -0.016 Revolution -0.001 0.000 Revolution in Low Development Countries N/A N/A Landlocked Country 0.002 0.003 Landlocked Country with Low Development -0.003 -0.002 The model indicates that foreign assistance actually becomes detrimental to growth in situations where there is genocide or politicide in low development nations, as predicted. I attribute this to the fact that resources are typically controlled by the dominant party in genocidal conflicts, and it is likely that aid dollars are siphoned off and used for their own benefit instead of productive and efficient activities. Revolutionary conflict eliminates entirely the impact aid has on the economy, resulting a net effect of about zero. I argue that this is the case because the institutions required to effectively utilize foreign assistance are in jeopardy during a major transfer of power, reducing their ability to act efficiently and distribute aid dollars according to the countrys best interests. Interestingly, ethnic conflict actually increases the effectiveness of aid. This finding is consistent with Easterlys study of ethnic fractionalization and its impact on economic growth. In landlocked countries, aid is particularly effective, tripling the extent to which it impacts economic growth. As Sachs and Warner pointed out, landlocked countries are limited in their ability to engage in global trade. Thus, it seems reasonable that foreign aid positively impacts growth in these areas since their capacity to engage in trade is restricted. However, in low-development countries that are landlocked, this relationship no longer holds. This indicates that whatever benefits aid has in landlocked countries is reversed in low-development countries, possibly due to poor institutional quality, corruption, or other factors. As for other variables besides foreign aid, the model shows the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth is surprisingly small; an increase of only 0.00003% in GDP for every $1 million US invested. In contrast, foreign aid boosts GDP by 0.001% with the same amount of money. This indicates that foreign aid has a substantially greater impact on growth than foreign direct investment, all else equal. According to the model, being open to trade seems to be a much more effective strategy in growing the economy, even more so than foreign aid and FDI. It is important to note, however, that since openness to trade is measured as a share of GDP, the impact is not directly comparable that of foreign aid or FDI, since economies included in this study vary greatly in size. To quantify how quickly foreign aid impacts the economic growth of a country, I calculate the median lag as outlined by Davies and Quinlivian (2006).  [30]  This measure estimates how quickly half of the impact of foreign assistance is felt, and is calculated as follows: Median Lag = = 0.477 (4) A median lag of 0.477 indicates that in approximately 5.7 months, half of the entire impact of foreign aid on GDP growth will be realized. Half of the remaining impact is then felt in another 5.7 months, and so on, as the cumulative impact of the aid asymptotically approaches 100%. This phenomenon is illustrated in Chart 1 below. Graph 1: Cumulative Impact of Foreign Aid on Growth The median lag indicates that aid can quickly impact an economy, but for a relatively short amount of time. After only two years of circulation in the recipient economy, over 95% of the total impact of foreign aid is experienced. 5. Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research The purpose of this analysis was to determine the effects of development assistance on economic growth. The model developed in this paper provides evidence supporting the contention that foreign aid positively impacts economic growth in the developing world. Therefore, it is not in the interest of developed countries and international bodies to discontinue aid programs. Moreover, as Gunning (2004) points out, it would be extremely difficult for a donor country to stop aid since it would be seen by both the domestic and foreign populations as punishing an already poor country.  [31]   The model also shows, however, that the effects of aid on economic growth are modest, and buying economic growth through foreign aid would be incredibly inefficient and expensive. For instance, using foreign aid alone to increase GDP by 1% in a country would require a foreign aid package of approximately $1 billion US. With almost 120 countries identified as low- and medium-development, spurring economic growth in developing world to desirable levels would be an enormous expenditure. This also assumes that the negative effects of conflict and geography shown to be significant in the model do not apply, and ignores the potential problems of aid dependence, corruption, and bureaucratic erosion that research has associated with high levels of foreign aid. The aforementioned studies by Burnside and Dollar (1997) and others have shown aid to be more effective in sound economic policy environments. Thus, donor governments and multilateral institutions should continue to push economic reforms and trade liberalization on recipient governments. Not only will this improve the effectiveness of foreign aid according to these studies, but it will also result in less aid being required. The armed conflict dummies indicate, with the exception of ethnic conflict, that state failure and political instability reverse the positive effect of aid, even making it detrimental to economic growth in some cases. Therefore, donor governments should be aware of the political situations in recipient countries, and work with international bodies to ensure as much stability as possible. Further, since geography is essentially fixed, foreign aid donations to landlocked countries should be designed to facilitate improvements in transportation infrastructures, which increase their capacity to engage in trade. Future research should further explore the role of sound economic policies and good governance in aid effectiveness. Scholars should also explore other ways of quantifying climate, tropical geography, and governance to provide for additional testing of potential impacts on the effectiveness of foreign aid. Finally, future study of foreign aid should also investigate its effects on economic development, instead of growth. Doing so will shed light on the question of whether aid actually improves the quality of life in lesser developed countries.

Ernest Hemingway Essay -- essays research papers

Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway based his writing on real life experiences concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park Illinois. One of Hemmingway’s first works was Indian Camp published in 1925. In many ways Indian Camp shows the relationship between Hemingway and his father. Hemingway then digs deeper into the past to create the love between Frederick Henry and Catherine Barkley, in A Farwell To Arms. Hemingway was later able to reflect his disgust of home life when he portrayed himself as the character Krebs in Soldiers Home, the character had problems with lies, women, and at home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story Indian Camp the main character Nick and his father resemble the relationship between Hemingway and his father. Nick is a teenage boy that travels across the lake to an Indian Village. He watches his father, who is a doctor; deliver a baby by caesarian section to an Indian woman. Nicks father discovers that the baby’s father has committed suicide. Nick and his father have a conversation discussing death, which brings the story to an end. Hemingway grew up in a middle class suburb, where his parents Ed and Grace raised him. Ed was a doctor who took his son along on visits across Walloon Lake to the Ojibway Indians (Waldhorn 7). When Hemingway was young, his father made him have his tonsils removed by another doctor. The doctor did not use anesthetic while performing the surgery. Hemingway always held it against his dad for having his tonsils taken out, with out an anesthetic (Myers 48). Hemingway portrayed his father as the doctor in Indian Camp. In the story Nick asked his father about giving the Indian woman something to stop her screaming during the caesarian. Nicks father states â€Å"No. I haven’t any anesthetic†¦but her screams are not important. I don’t hear them because they are not important† (Tessitore 18). Hemingway uses the conversation between Nick and his father, concerning the suicide of the Indian, to show his distaste for his own father’s suicide. Nick: â€Å"Why did he kill himself, Daddy?† Father: â€Å"I don’t know Nick. He couldn’t stand things, I guess.† Nick: â€Å"Do many men kill themselves, Daddy?† Father: â€Å"Not very many, Nick†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nick: â€Å"Is dying hard, Daddy?† Father: â€Å"No, I think its pretty easy, Nick... ...d his lost love, he produced the character Krebs who was troubled by female companionship. Krebs wanted a woman but was not willing to work for one. Krebs considered relationships too complicated and painful. Hemingway learned this from previous relationships especially the relationship between Hemingway and Kurowsky. Krebs who lived with his parents after the war continued to do nothing around the house. Tensions grew between him and his parents and Krebs was eventually driven out. Hemingway was almost identical to Krebs in the story. Hemingway is heart broken after the war because of Kurowsky. Tension had also grown between Hemingway and his mother. â€Å"Shortly after Hemingway’s twenty- first birthday†¦ his mother gave him an ultimatum that he had to find a real job or move out of the house† (Waldhorn 9). Both Hemingway and Krebs moved out and got jobs. Hemingway wrote form his past experiences form life. In Indian Camp it showed his relationship with his father. By leaving his childhood and entering the war, he was able to come up with the character Henry and Barkley in A Farwell In Arms. When returning home from the war Hemingway used Krebs in Soldier’s Home to express his distast

ACME and Omega case study Essay

1. Using the mechanistic and organic structure arguments develop in Chapter 2, compare and contrast the management styles at Acme and Omega. Acme’s managerial style consists of a mechanistic structure, while Omega’s managerial style is based on an organic structure. Acme’s vertical differentiation, which consists of four levels of control, constitutes the dispersion of authority between the organizational hierarchy levels and gears to give the organization more control over its projects and activities. Acme is highly centralized, managers of the top of the hierarchy have all the power to make most of the decisions for the company, and subordinates are expected to follow orders. Although, I think that Acme has established a high level of standardization and formalization, they experienced difficulty abiding to their own rules. Employees at Acme exercise individual specialization, where employees specialize in one specific area and work individually. 2. On the other hand, Omega is a decentralized organization,they appointed new president in that post. where managers and subordinates delegate important decisions about new organizational projects. Omega’s management believes in mutual adjustment, which is the practice of using judgment on problem solving and also creates an informal way of communicating with each other rather that using standardization or written rules. Joint specialization at Omega gives their employees and opportunity to work in teams and balance their actions to find the most effective and efficient way of accomplishing an assignment. Omega’s organic structure gives the employees more flexibility to innovative thinking, and creates a unity within the organization, where managers and employees share their knowledge and skills to achieve optimal performance. 3. Which firm should have won the final contract – Acme or Omega? Discuss. The paradoxical twins describes two organizations, Acme and Omega Electronics that are competing for the same contract for manufacturing a memory unit to be used in a photocopier. Omega, having an organic structure, wins the race because they are able to produce higher quality memory unit. On the other hand, Acme having mechanistic structure seems less competent and less reliable because of its low quality memory unit which they are unable to produce in time and some of its prototypes fail to work. Omega even corrects a design error in the original blueprint, which  improves product quality. But, both the company is given half the order, and they were encouraged to find the way to reduce the cost and Acme takes advantage of this opportunity to experiment to find ways to reduce its costs, whereas Omega does not. Finally Acme discovers the way to reduce the cost by 20% and they own the contract. Omega may have won the battle, but Acme has won the war because its mechanistic structure fosters a concern for technical efficiency and cost reduction in what is a routine manufacturing environment. In this particular case, Acme decides to run a â€Å"tight ship† (mechanistic structure) in order to increase productivity and efficiency, and to decrease costs. The advantage of this strategy is that they can undersell their competition (Omega) by selling at a lower cost. Omega, on the other hand, is nearly too opposite. They run a more organic structure, which relies heavily upon communication, delegation and teamwork. This strategy allows Omega to effectively compete with Acme by stressing reliability and by placing emphasis on quality. Omega’s decentralized, organic approach allowed for the building of prototypes 10 days faster than Acme, correction of errors, and a highly reliable prototype—much more reliable than Acme’s, which had a 10 percent failure rate. Omega was more effective when evaluated by these criteria, although Acme’s prices were lower than Omega’s because of that Acme won the competition and which was fair result in my opinion. Its mechanistic structure provided it with the management system and incentives needed to improve and reduce its manufacturing process, so that Acme won the final race over Omega. 4. What changes would you recommend to Acme and Omega if they are to survive in the future in this increasingly competitive industry? I wish to modify their organizational design. I think that in order for these two companies to survive they need to have a combination of organic and mechanistic structure. Once they do this change they will create a better organizational culture, which is the set of shared values and norms that controls organizational member’s interactions with each other . Although, Omega’s employees are working together, I think they have too much freedom. Therefore, I think that Omega’s management needs to be more formalize. Acme’s management are hightec pressure, they don’t give enough flexibility  to their employees. This is affecting Acme because there are missing some of the new ideas that their employees may have, and they are also forcing their workers to do the work which the top mangment as instructed. A combination of organic and mechanistic structure would give them better control and coordination of their employees and it will also motivate them and inspire a better behavior. Another recommendation for Acme Corporation would be to balance differentiation and integration For these two companies to survive and be successful I recommend that if they are going to combine organic and mechanistic structures then they should have a balance between centralization and decentralization. I think that all decision making shouldn’t be left entirely to employees or to management, rather it should be in between. Finally, these two companies should have a mixture of standardization and mutual understanding. Sometimes having too much of each may create an problem in corporate culture, therefore I would recommend to use a combination. Management needs pay close attention to make sure that their organizational design fits with the corporate culture and the organizational environment that they are trying to create.

Essay about Inernational Business

Essay about Inernational Business Essay about Inernational Business FDI in India's Retail Sector An Industry Research Report Part - A Contents FDI in India’s Retail Sector 3 Introduction 3 Research Objective 3 Global Industry 4 Smart phones 4 TV 5 Computers/Tablets 5 India’s Demographic Profile 6 Macro-environment factors 7 Political 7 Economic 8 Technological 8 Global factors 8-9 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Reference list 111-12 FDI in India’s Retail Sector Introduction In this research paper we are analyzing the global consumer electronic market and how India plays it roles in the global market. The main objective of this paper is to investigate potential risks and issues for multinational organizations in Indian foreign direct investment for this sector. In particularly we are looking at India’s economic profile and macro environmental factors, how it will potentially impact the capital investment? India is world’s 3rd largest economy and still it is an unattractive destination when it comes to foreign direct investment. India is going through very fast change but its poor infrastructure is holding its growth potentials. India is still new when it comes to foreign direct investment. Until recently foreign companies were not widely welcomed in India through its tough foreign investment policy, however in 2012 several key changes we made by the Indian government to entice foreign entities. Deakin corp. is a major fast moving consumer goods retailer in Australia. Since the relaxation of the FDI cap by the Indian government, the single brand retailing giants who are looking to expand operations have now identified India as a potential investment opportunity. India’s retail market is one of the rapidly developing markets in the world with fast growing population of 1.2 billion people. India’s vast share of economy comes from its retail sector which amounts up to 15% and US $450 Billion. In the past majority of its population lived in rural areas but now it is changing and people are moving to urban area but still up to 96% of the market is consist of small family owned businesses. In the past FDI in retail sector was capped to only 51% but in India’s reform of its FDI policy this was raised to 100%, with the imposed requirement that foreign companies must source their 30% of the products from India. This sparked activism in major retail players in the world like Walmart and Tesco. Everyone was looking at India for investment opportunity with potential risks in the mind due to its poor infrastructure quality. Research Objective This report aims to investigate how India’s poor infrastructure is going to impact our client’s potential investment and if it is worthwhile to invest in India through FDI. Although India is growing very rapidly, it is still struggling to keep up with rest of the world when in relation to infrastructural development. In compare to other developing countries in the world India has some major development challenges ahead. We plan to investigate several key issues relating to this, in this report we will cover: 1) The current global market of single brand retail 2) India’s domestic retail market and the challenges it is currently facing in relation to its macro-environment 3) India’s current economic infrastructure Research will be undertaken to give a better insight into the current situation India is facing. Relevant statistical data and graph formations will be used to further analyze India’s retail market and educate Deakin Corp. to enable them to make a more educated decision. Global Industry India is seen as being one of the most tantalizing investment opportunities for foreign investors to expand their operations into. With a population over 1 billion people, the substantial buying power is a major attraction to multinational corporations. This influx of foreign companies pursuing an interest in setting up their stores no doubt stems from the

Magic Johnson essays

Magic Johnson essays Magic Johnson was born in Lansing on August 14, 1959. He is one of 10 children. His fathers name is Earvin, Sr. His mothers name is Christine. His family believes strongly on religion and education before sports. Hes not the only one though who is an athlete in his family. His little sister attended the University of South Carolina on a basketball scholarship. Her nickname was The Sweet E. He attended Everett High School in Lansing Michigan and held a 3.5 grade point average. A sportswriter named Fred Stabley covered games for The Lansing State Journal. He saw Earvin play against another school Holt High School. He thought that magic was unbelievable in the way that he played so he gave him the nickname Magic. In 1977, he led Everett High to win the Michigan state basketball championship. In 1978, as a freshman at Michigan State University, he led his team to a 25 and 5 record. In 1979, he led Michigan State to win the national championships and was named its most valuable player. He decides to turn pro and he is drafted number one in the draft by the Los Angeles Lakers. In 1982, he is named the MVP of the championship series. In 1984, He was given the Pivotal Player: Award of all-around excellence. 5. Summarize briefly three incidents that you would feature if you were to make a movie out of this book. A. I think that everything that I just mentioned in the last question would be excellent to put in a movie about Earvin Magic Johnson. 6. Has this book had any influence on your viewpoint, your way of thinking, or your own ambitions? A. Yes I would have to say that this book has had a big influence on my way of thinking and ambitions. I have always slacked off and thought that if I didnt g et what I needed to done, that I would always have time the next day to get it done. This has taught me that success doesnt come that way, and if I want to be successful, then I...